常用 HTML 转义符对照表

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时间:2018-08-05
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为什么要用转义字符串?

HTML中<,>,&等有特殊含义(<,>,用于链接标签,&用于转义),不能直接使用。这些符号是不显示在我们最终看到的网页里的,那如果我们希望在网页中显示这些符号,该怎么办呢?

这就要说到 HTML转义字符串(Escape Sequence)了。

HTML转义字符串也称HTML字符实体(Character Entity)。在HTML中,定义转义字符串的原因有两个:第一个原因是像“<”和“&gt”这类符号已经用来表示 HTML 标签,因此就不能直接当作文本中的符号来使用。为了在 HTML 文档中使用这些符号,就需要定义它的转义字符串。当解释程序遇到这类字符串时就把它解释为真实的字符。在输入转义字符串时,要严格遵守字母大小写的规则。第二个原因是,有些字符在 ASCII 字符集中没有定义,因此需要使用转义字符串来表示。

转义字符串的组成

转义字符串分成三部分:第一部分是一个&符号,英文叫 ampersand;第二部分是实体(Entity)名字或者是#加上实体(Entity)编号;第三部分是一个分号。

比如,要显示小于号(<),就可以写 &lt; 或者 &#60; 。

用实体(Entity,区分大小写)名字的好处是比较好理解,一看 lt,大概就猜出是 less than 的意思,但是其劣势在于并不是所有的浏览器都支持最新的实体名字。而实体编号,各种浏览器都能处理。

同一个符号,可以用“实体名称”和“实体编号”两种方式引用,“实体名称”的优势在于便于记忆,但不能保证所有的浏览器都能顺利识别它,而“实体编号”则没有这种担忧,但它实在不方便记忆。

最常用的字符实体

 

显示 说明 实体名称 实体编号
  半方大的空白 &ensp; &#8194;
  全方大的空白 &emsp; &#8195;
  不断行的空白格 &nbsp; &#160;
< 小于 &lt; &#60;
> 大于 &gt; &#62;
& &符号 &amp; &#38;
" 双引号 &quot; &#34;
© 版权 &copy; &#169;
® 已注册商标 &reg; &#174;
商标(美国) &trade; &#8482;
× 乘号 &times; &#215;
÷ 除号 &divide; &#247;

HTML特殊转义字符列表

显示 名称 编号
  &nbsp; &#160;
¡ &iexcl; &#161;
¢ &cent; &#162;
£ &pound; &#163;
¤ &curren; &#164;
¥ &yen; &#165;
¦ &brvbar; &#166;
§ &sect; &#167;
¨ &uml; &#168;
© &copy; &#169;
ª &ordf; &#170;
« &laquo; &#171;
¬ &not; &#172;
  &shy; &#173;
® &reg; &#174;
¯ &macr; &#175;
° &deg; &#176;
± &plusmn; &#177;
² &sup2; &#178;
³ &sup3; &#179;
´ &acute; &#180;
µ &micro; &#181;
&para; &#182;
· &middot; &#183;
¸ &cedil; &#184;
¹ &sup1; &#185;
º &ordm; &#186;
» &raquo; &#187;
¼ &frac14; &#188;
½ &frac12; &#189;
¾ &frac34; &#190;
¿ &iquest; &#191;
À &Agrave; &#192;
Á &Aacute; &#193;
 &Acirc; &#194;
à &Atilde; &#195;
Ä &Auml; &#196;
Å &Aring; &#197;
Æ &AElig; &#198;
Ç &Ccedil; &#199;
È &Egrave; &#200;
É &Eacute; &#201;
Ê &Ecirc; &#202;
Ë &Euml; &#203;
Ì &Igrave; &#204;
Í &Iacute; &#205;
Î &Icirc; &#206;
Ï &Iuml; &#207;
&Eth; &Eth; &#208;
Ñ &Ntilde; &#209;
Ò &Ograve; &#210;
Ó &Oacute; &#211;
Ô &Ocirc; &#212;
Õ &Otilde; &#213;
Ö &Ouml; &#214;
× &times; &#215;
Ø &Oslash; &#216;
Ù &Ugrave; &#217;
Ú &Uacute; &#218;
Û &Ucirc; &#219;
Ü &Uuml; &#220;
Ý &Yacute; &#221;
&thORN; &thORN; &#222;
ß &szlig; &#223;
à &agrave; &#224;
á &aacute; &#225;
â &acirc; &#226;
ã &atilde; &#227;
ä &auml; &#228;
å &aring; &#229;
æ &aelig; &#230;
ç &ccedil; &#231;
è &egrave; &#232;
é &eacute; &#233;
ê &ecirc; &#234;
ë &euml; &#235;
ì &igrave; &#236;
í &iacute; &#237;
î &icirc; &#238;
ï &iuml; &#239;
ð &eth; &#240;
ñ &ntilde; &#241;
ò &ograve; &#242;
ó &oacute; &#243;
ô &ocirc; &#244;
õ &otilde; &#245;
ö &ouml; &#246;
÷ &divide; &#247;
ø &oslash; &#248;
ù &ugrave; &#249;
ú &uacute; &#250;
û &ucirc; &#251;
ü &uuml; &#252;
ý &yacute; &#253;
þ &thorn; &#254;
ÿ &yuml; &#255;

数学和希腊字母标志

显示 名称 编号
ƒ &fnof; &#402;
Α &Alpha; &#913;
Β &Beta; &#914;
Γ &Gamma; &#915;
Δ &Delta; &#916;
Ε &Epsilon; &#917;
Ζ &Zeta; &#918;
Η &Eta; &#919;
Θ &theta; &#920;
Ι &Iota; &#921;
Κ &Kappa; &#922;
Λ &Lambda; &#923;
Μ &Mu; &#924;
Ν &Nu; &#925;
Ξ &Xi; &#926;
Ο &Omicron; &#927;
Π &Pi; &#928;
Ρ &Rho; &#929;
Σ &Sigma; &#931;
Τ &Tau; &#932;
Υ &Upsilon; &#933;
Φ &Phi; &#934;
Χ &Chi; &#935;
Ψ &Psi; &#936;
Ω &Omega; &#937;
α &alpha; &#945;
β &beta; &#946;
γ &gamma; &#947;
δ &delta; &#948;
ε &epsilon; &#949;
ζ &zeta; &#950;
η &eta; &#951;
θ &theta; &#952;
ι &iota; &#953;
κ &kappa; &#954;
λ &lambda; &#955;
μ &mu; &#956;
ν &nu; &#957;
ξ &xi; &#958;
ο &omicron; &#959;
π &pi; &#960;
ρ &rho; &#961;
ς &sigmaf; &#962;
σ &sigma; &#963;
τ &tau; &#964;
υ &upsilon; &#965;
φ &phi; &#966;
χ &chi; &#967;
ψ &psi; &#968;
ω &omega; &#969;
? &thetasym; &#977;
? &upsih; &#978;
? &piv; &#982;
&bull; &#8226;
&hellip; &#8230;
&prime; &#8242;
&Prime; &#8243;
&oline; &#8254;
&frasl; &#8260;
&weierp; &#8472;
&image; &#8465;
&real; &#8476;
&trade; &#8482;
&alefsym; &#8501;
&larr; &#8592;
&uarr; &#8593;
&rarr; &#8594;
&darr; &#8595;
&harr; &#8596;
&crarr; &#8629;
&lArr; &#8656;
&uArr; &#8657;
&rArr; &#8658;
&dArr; &#8659;
&hArr; &#8660;
&forall; &#8704;
&part; &#8706;
&exist; &#8707;
&empty; &#8709;
&nabla; &#8711;
&isin; &#8712;
&notin; &#8713;
&ni; &#8715;
&prod; &#8719;
&sum; &#8721;
&minus; &#8722;
&lowast; &#8727;
&radic; &#8730;
&prop; &#8733;
&infin; &#8734;
&ang; &#8736;
&and; &#8743;
&or; &#8744;
&cap; &#8745;
&cup; &#8746;
&int; &#8747;
&there4; &#8756;
&sim; &#8764;
&cong; &#8773;
&asymp; &#8776;
&ne; &#8800;
&equiv; &#8801;
&le; &#8804;
&ge; &#8805;
&sub; &#8834;
&sup; &#8835;
&nsub; &#8836;
&sube; &#8838;
&supe; &#8839;
&oplus; &#8853;
&otimes; &#8855;
&perp; &#8869;
&sdot; &#8901;
? &lceil; &#8968;
? &rceil; &#8969;
? &lfloor; &#8970;
? &rfloor; &#8971;
? &lang; &#9001;
? &rang; &#9002;
&loz; &#9674;
&spades; &#9824;
&clubs; &#9827;
&hearts; &#9829;
&diams; &#9830;

重要的国际标记

显示 名称 编号
&quot; &#34;
& &amp; &#38;
< &lt; &#60;
> &gt; &#62;
Œ &OElig; &#338;
œ &oelig; &#339;
Š &Scaron; &#352;
š &scaron; &#353;
Ÿ &Yuml; &#376;
ˆ &circ; &#710;
˜ &tilde; &#732;
&ensp; &#8194;
&emsp; &#8195;
&thinsp; &#8201;
&zwnj; &#8204;
&zwj; &#8205;
&lrm; &#8206;
&rlm; &#8207;
&ndash; &#8211;
&mdash; &#8212;
&lsquo; &#8216;
&rsquo; &#8217;
&sbquo; &#8218;
&ldquo; &#8220;
&rdquo; &#8221;
&bdquo; &#8222;
&dagger; &#8224;
&Dagger; &#8225;
&permil; &#8240;
&lsaquo; &#8249;
&rsaquo; &#8250;
&euro; &#8364;

JavaScript 转义符

转义序列 字符
b 退格
f 走纸换页
n 换行
r 回车
t 横向跳格 (Ctrl-I)
' 单引号
双引号
\ 反斜杠

编程的时候要注意特殊字符的问题,很多运行时出现的问题都是因为特殊字符的出现而引起的。

注意,由于反斜杠本身用作转义符,因此不能直接在脚本中键入一个反斜杠。如果要产生一个反斜杠,必须一起键入两个反斜杠 (\)。

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