Spring Boot Actuator自定义健康检查教程

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时间:2021-08-09
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健康检查是Spring Boot Actuator中重要端点之一,可以非常容易查看应用运行至状态。本文在前文的基础上介绍如何自定义健康检查。

1. 概述

本节我们简单说明下依赖及启用配置,展示缺省健康信息。首先需要引入依赖:

compile("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-actuator")

现在通过http://localhost:8080/actuator/health端点进行验证:

{"status":"UP"}

缺省该端点返回应用中很多组件的汇总健康信息,但可以修改属性配置展示详细内容:

management:
  endpoint:
    health:
      show-details: always

现在再次访问返回结果如下:

{
  "status": "UP",
  "components": {
    "diskSpace": {
      "status": "UP",
      "details": {
        "total": 214748360704,
        "free": 112483500032,
        "threshold": 10485760,
        "exists": true
      }
    },
    "ping": {
      "status": "UP"
    }
  }
}

查看DiskSpaceHealthIndicatorProperties文件的源码:

@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "management.health.diskspace")
public class DiskSpaceHealthIndicatorProperties {
 /**
  * Path used to compute the available disk space.
  */
 private File path = new File(".");
 /**
  * Minimum disk space that should be available.
  */
 private DataSize threshold = DataSize.ofMegabytes(10);
 public File getPath() {
  return this.path;
 }
 public void setPath(File path) {
  this.path = path;
 }
 public DataSize getThreshold() {
  return this.threshold;
 }
 public void setThreshold(DataSize threshold) {
  Assert.isTrue(!threshold.isNegative(), "threshold must be greater than or equal to 0");
  this.threshold = threshold;
 }
}

上面结果显示当前项目启动的路径 . ,报警值 为10M ,这些属性都可以通过配置进行修改。

2. 预定义健康指标

上面Json响应显示“ping”和“diskSpace”检查。这些检查也称为健康指标,如果应用引用了数据源,Spring会增加db健康指标;同时“diskSpace”是缺省配置。

Spring Boot包括很多预定义的健康指标,下面列出其中一部分:

DataSourceHealthIndicator MongoHealthIndicator Neo4jHealthIndicator CassandraHealthIndicator RedisHealthIndicator CassandraHealthIndicator RabbitHealthIndicator CouchbaseHealthIndicator DiskSpaceHealthIndicator (见上面示例) ElasticsearchHealthIndicator InfluxDbHealthIndicator JmsHealthIndicator MailHealthIndicator SolrHealthIndicator

如果在Spring Boot应用中使用Mongo或Solr等,则Spring Boot会自动增加相应健康指标。

3. 自定义健康指标

Spring Boot提供了一捆预定义健康指标,但并没有阻止你增加自己的健康指标。一般有两种自定义类型检查:

单个健康指标组件和组合健康指标组件。

3.1 自定义单个指标组件

自定义需要实现HealthIndicator接口并重新health()方法,同时增加@Component注解。假设示例应用程序与服务A(启动)和服务B(关闭)通信。如果任一服务宕机,应用程序将被视为宕机。因此,我们将写入两个运行状况指标。

@Component
public class ServiceAHealthIndicator implements HealthIndicator {
    private final String message_key = "Service A";
    @Override
    public Health health() {
        if (!isRunningServiceA()) {
            return Health.down().withDetail(message_key, "Not Available").build();
        }
        return Health.up().withDetail(message_key, "Available").build();
    }
    private Boolean isRunningServiceA() {
        Boolean isRunning = true;
        // Logic Skipped
        return isRunning;
    }
}
@Component
public class ServiceBHealthIndicator implements HealthIndicator {
    private final String message_key = "Service B";
    @Override
    public Health health() {
        if (!isRunningServiceB()) {
            return Health.down().withDetail(message_key, "Not Available").build();
        }
        return Health.up().withDetail(message_key, "Available").build();
    }
    private Boolean isRunningServiceB() {
        Boolean isRunning = false;
        // Logic Skipped
        return isRunning;
    }
}

现在,我们看到健康监控响应中增加的指标。ServerA状态是UP,ServiceB是DOWN,因此整个监控检测状态为DOWN.

{
  "status": "DOWN",
  "components": {
    "diskSpace": {
      "status": "UP",
      "details": {
        "total": 214748360704,
        "free": 112483229696,
        "threshold": 10485760,
        "exists": true
      }
    },
    "ping": {
      "status": "UP"
    },
    "serviceA": {
      "status": "UP",
      "details": {
        "Service A": "Available"
      }
    },
    "serviceB": {
      "status": "DOWN",
      "details": {
        "Service B": "Not Available"
      }
    }
  }
}

3.2 自定义组合健康检查

前面示例很容易查看各个指标各自的状态。但有时需要基于几个指标查看资源的状态,则需要使用 HealthContributor ,该接口没有定义方法,仅用于标记。如果一个服务有另外两个动作组合进行实现,只有两者同时工作该服务状态才算正常。最后使用 CompositeHealthContributors组合多个指标:

public class ServiceAHealthIndicator 
    implements HealthIndicator, HealthContributor {
...
}

下面定义组合健康检查指标:

@Component("UserServiceAPI")
public class UserServiceAPIHealthContributor 
    implements CompositeHealthContributor {
  
  private Map<String, HealthContributor> 
          contributors = new LinkedHashMap<>();
  @Autowired
  public UserServiceAPIHealthContributor(
      ServiceAHealthIndicator serviceAHealthIndicator, ServiceBHealthIndicator serviceBHealthIndicator) {
  
    contributors.put("serverA",  serviceAHealthIndicator);
    contributors.put("serverB", serviceBHealthIndicator);
  }
  /**
   *  return list of health contributors
   */
  @Override
  public Iterator<NamedContributor<HealthContributor>> iterator() {
    return contributors.entrySet().stream()
       .map((entry) -> NamedContributor.of(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue())).iterator();
  }
  
  @Override
  public HealthContributor getContributor(String name) {
    return contributors.get(name);
  }
}

现在我们使用serverA和serverB组合新的检查UserServiceAPI。

4. 总结

本文我们学习了Spring Boot健康指标及相关配置、以及预定义的健康指标,同时介绍了如何自定义健康指标。

以上为个人经验,希望能给大家一个参考,也希望大家多多支持。

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