背景
手工测试过程中有个测试场景需要删除测试设备上某个Android feature，往上搜索了一圈没找到有效的操作方法。获取Android设备所有的feature可以通过adb命令pm list features或者Android代码Context.getPackageManager().getSystemAvailableFeatures()，但都没有对应的修改方法。
既然feature是从Context获取的，那能不能构造一个只包含我想要的feature的Context呢。顺着这个思路，有了下面的方案。
方案设计
单元测试常用的Mock技术，就是来构造假/模拟对象的。但如果完全构造，又担心和真实环境差别较大，测试结果不可靠。能不能从真实Android设备中获取真实的Context，把不想要的feature去除，再给到被测试方法中呢？
答案是肯定的，通过选用流行的Mock组件Mockito ，官网上给出了下面2种Mock Java对象的方式：
mock()/@Mock: create mock
spy()/@Spy: partial mocking, real methods are invoked but still can be verified and stubbed
可以看到Spy这种Mock方式可完美地解决我的需求。
实现（简化版需求）
业务需求说明
获取所有Android Features并把feature name打印在日志中，使用adb命令的效果如下：
➜ study git:(master) ✗ adb shell pm list features feature:reqGlEsVersion=0x30002 feature:android.hardware.audio.output feature:android.hardware.bluetooth feature:android.hardware.bluetooth_le feature:android.hardware.camera feature:android.hardware.camera.any feature:android.hardware.camera.autofocus feature:android.hardware.camera.capability.manual_post_processing feature:android.hardware.camera.capability.manual_sensor feature:android.hardware.camera.capability.raw feature:android.hardware.camera.flash feature:android.hardware.camera.front feature:android.hardware.camera.level.full feature:android.hardware.faketouch feature:android.hardware.location feature:android.hardware.location.gps feature:android.hardware.location.network feature:android.hardware.microphone feature:android.hardware.nfc.any feature:android.hardware.opengles.aep feature:android.hardware.ram.normal feature:android.hardware.screen.landscape feature:android.hardware.screen.portrait feature:android.hardware.sensor.accelerometer feature:android.hardware.sensor.compass feature:android.hardware.sensor.light feature:android.hardware.sensor.proximity feature:android.hardware.sensor.stepcounter feature:android.hardware.telephony feature:android.hardware.telephony.cdma feature:android.hardware.telephony.gsm feature:android.hardware.touchscreen feature:android.hardware.touchscreen.multitouch feature:android.hardware.touchscreen.multitouch.distinct feature:android.hardware.touchscreen.multitouch.jazzhand feature:android.hardware.usb.accessory feature:android.hardware.usb.host feature:android.hardware.vulkan.compute feature:android.hardware.vulkan.level feature:android.hardware.vulkan.version=4194307 feature:android.hardware.wifi feature:android.hardware.wifi.direct feature:android.software.activities_on_secondary_displays feature:android.software.app_widgets feature:android.software.autofill feature:android.software.backup feature:android.software.companion_device_setup feature:android.software.connectionservice feature:android.software.cts feature:android.software.device_admin feature:android.software.file_based_encryption feature:android.software.input_methods feature:android.software.live_wallpaper feature:android.software.managed_users feature:android.software.midi feature:android.software.picture_in_picture feature:android.software.print feature:android.software.securely_removes_users feature:android.software.sip feature:android.software.sip.voip feature:android.software.verified_boot feature:android.software.voice_recognizers feature:android.software.webview
业务需求代码实现
public class FeaturesUtil {
private static final String TAG = "FeaturesUtil";
public static void getFeatures(Context context) {
PackageManager packageManager = context.getPackageManager();
FeatureInfo[] featureInfos = packageManager.getSystemAvailableFeatures();
for (FeatureInfo featureInfo : featureInfos) {
Log.i(TAG, "feature: " + featureInfo.name);
}
}
}
测试代码实现(去除bluetooth feature)
@Spy
Context context = InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().getTargetContext();;
@Spy
PackageManager packageManager = context.getPackageManager();
@Test
public void getFeatures() {
// 去除bluetooth feature
FeatureInfo[] mockedFeatureInfos = removeFeature(packageManager.getSystemAvailableFeatures(),
Arrays.asList("android.hardware.bluetooth", "android.hardware.bluetooth_le"));
when(packageManager.getSystemAvailableFeatures()).thenReturn(mockedFeatureInfos);
when(context.getPackageManager()).thenReturn(packageManager);
FeaturesUtil.getFeatures(context);
}
/**
* 根据feature name删除一个或多个feature
*
* @param featureInfos FeatureInfo数组
* @param featureNames 字符串列表，每个元素是要删除的FeatureInfo的name
* @return 删除之后的FeatureInfo数组
*/
private FeatureInfo[] removeFeature(FeatureInfo[] featureInfos, List<String> featureNames) {
List<FeatureInfo> featureInfoList = new ArrayList();
for (FeatureInfo featureInfo :
featureInfos) {
if (featureInfo.name != null && !(featureNames.contains(featureInfo.name))) {
featureInfoList.add(featureInfo);
}
}
return featureInfoList.toArray(new FeatureInfo[featureInfoList.size()]);
}
运行测试代码后Logcat输出
可以看到bluetooth相关的feature已经没有了
2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.hardware.sensor.proximity
2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.hardware.sensor.accelerometer
2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.hardware.faketouch
2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.hardware.usb.accessory
2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.hardware.telephony.cdma
2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.software.backup
2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.hardware.touchscreen
2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.hardware.touchscreen.multitouch
2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.software.print
2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.software.activities_on_secondary_displays
2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.software.voice_recognizers
2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.software.picture_in_picture
2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.hardware.opengles.aep
2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.hardware.camera.autofocus
2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.hardware.telephony.gsm
2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.software.sip.voip
2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.hardware.usb.host
2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.hardware.audio.output
2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.software.verified_boot
2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.hardware.camera.flash
2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.hardware.camera.front
2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.hardware.screen.portrait
2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.hardware.microphone
2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.software.autofill
2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.software.securely_removes_users
2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.hardware.sensor.compass
2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.hardware.touchscreen.multitouch.jazzhand
2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.software.app_widgets
2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.software.input_methods
2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.hardware.sensor.light
2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.hardware.vulkan.version
2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.software.companion_device_setup
2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.software.device_admin
2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.hardware.camera
2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.hardware.screen.landscape
2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.hardware.ram.normal
2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.software.managed_users
2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.software.webview
2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.hardware.sensor.stepcounter
2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.hardware.camera.capability.manual_post_processing
2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.hardware.camera.any
2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.hardware.camera.capability.raw
2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.hardware.vulkan.compute
2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.software.connectionservice
2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.hardware.touchscreen.multitouch.distinct
2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.hardware.location.network
2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.software.cts
2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.software.sip
2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.hardware.camera.capability.manual_sensor
2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.hardware.camera.level.full
2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.hardware.wifi.direct
2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.software.live_wallpaper
2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.hardware.location.gps
2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.software.midi
2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.hardware.nfc.any
2021-04-07 13:23:39.268 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.hardware.wifi
2021-04-07 13:23:39.268 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.hardware.location
2021-04-07 13:23:39.268 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.hardware.vulkan.level
2021-04-07 13:23:39.268 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.hardware.telephony
2021-04-07 13:23:39.268 16238-16268/? I/FeaturesUtil: feature: android.software.file_based_encryption
2021-04-07 13:23:39.269 16238-16268/? I/TestRunner: finished: getFeatures(com.aniu.featuresmock.FeaturesUtilTest)
总结
不直接使用Mock，而是使用Spy，最大限度保持测试环境真实可靠，从而保证测试效果 测试代码不要放在test目录，要放在androidTest目录，保证在真实设备上跑（不然代码也会报错）。目录结构如下：
以上就是如何使用Mock修改Android设备上的features的详细内容，更多关于Mock修改Android features的资料请关注其它相关文章！
