url_launcher是用于在移动平台中启动URL的Flutter插件，适用于IOS和Android平台。他可以打开网页，发送邮件，还可以拨打电话。
github地址：https://github.com/flutter/plugins/tree/master/packages/url_launcher
最近项目需求就是打开一个连接跳转到安卓或苹果默认的浏览器。虽然开始一个简单的要求，其中的一个细节就是执行打开网页这一操作后，不能看上去像在应用内部打开，看上去要在应用外部打开。pub.dev 提供了加载网页的插件url_launcher；所谓的插件也是用安卓和苹果原生代码实现的，对插件的代码进行解压可以看到。
加载网页的方式：
_launchURL() async {
const url = '要加载的网页地址';
if (await canLaunch(url)) {
await launch(url);
}
}
简单查看一下插件的源码：
Future<bool> launch(
String urlString, {
bool forceSafariVC,
bool forceWebView,
bool enableJavaScript,
bool enableDomStorage,
bool universalLinksOnly,
Map<String, String> headers,
Brightness statusBarBrightness,
}) async {
assert(urlString != null);
........................................
属性：forceSafariVC
/// [forceSafariVC] is only used in iOS with iOS version >= 9.0. By default (when unset), the launcher /// opens web URLs in the Safari View Controller, anything else is opened /// using the default handler on the platform. If set to true, it opens the /// URL in the Safari View Controller. If false, the URL is opened in the /// default browser of the phone. Note that to work with universal links on iOS, /// this must be set to false to let the platform's system handle the URL. /// Set this to false if you want to use the cookies/context of the main browser /// of the app (such as SSO flows). This setting will nullify [universalLinksOnly] /// and will always launch a web content in the built-in Safari View Controller regardless /// if the url is a universal link or not.
forceSafariVC 仅被用于IOS版本为0.9和0.9以上的系统。默认情况下不设置，如果设置加载网页连接在Safari视图控制器打开，其他操作系统打开使用默认设置。如果设置为true，在Safari视图控制器打开URL。如果设置为false，在手机默认浏览器中打开。注意网页连接在IOS 平台操作系统上打开必须设置为false。如果你想去用cookies在app网页端实现登录需要设置为false。
如果加载在内置Safari视图控制器的网页内容是universal link或不是，设置universalLinksOnly无效。
Universal Link：（点击连接打开应用）参考、参考
属性：forceWebView
/// [forceWebView] is an Android only setting. If null or false, the URL is /// always launched with the default browser on device. If set to true, the URL /// is launched in a WebView. Unlike iOS, browser context is shared across /// WebViews.
该属性只在安卓平台设置。如果设置为false或不设置，网络地址被加载在设备默认浏览器。如果设置为true，网络地址被加载在自定义WebView。ios系统的浏览器可以共享数据。
属性：enableJavaScript
/// [enableJavaScript] is an Android only setting. If true, WebView enable /// javascript.
该属性只在安卓平台设置。如果为true，webview可加载脚步。
属性：enableDomStorage
/// [enableDomStorage] is an Android only setting. If true, WebView enable /// DOM storage.
该属性只在安卓平台设置。如果为true，webView加载本地网页缓存。
属性：universalLinksOnly
/// [universalLinksOnly] is only used in iOS with iOS version >= 10.0. This setting is only validated /// when [forceSafariVC] is set to false. The default value of this setting is false. /// By default (when unset), the launcher will either launch the url in a browser (when the /// url is not a universal link), or launch the respective native app content (when /// the url is a universal link). When set to true, the launcher will only launch /// the content if the url is a universal link and the respective app for the universal /// link is installed on the user's device; otherwise throw a [PlatformException].
该属性只在IOS平台使用并且IOS版本为10.0或10.0以上。当前该属性设置成false生效。默认值是false。默认情况下，通过手机手机浏览器加载网页（当这个链接不是一个universal link）或 加载各自app（当这个链接是一个universal link，点击进行下载应用包）。如果设置属性值为true，如果这个连接是一个universal link并且各自的应用通过这个universal link安装在用户的设备上，那么改网页会被加载。否则抛出PlatformException。
属性：statusBarBrightness
/// [statusBarBrightness] Sets the status bar brightness of the application /// after opening a link on iOS. Does nothing if no value is passed. This does /// not handle resetting the previous status bar style.
设置的状态栏亮度在IOS应用打开一个连接后可以看到。如果没有设置该属性不会有效果的。状态栏样式重复设置以第一次设置为准。
Future<bool> launch(
String urlString, {
bool forceSafariVC,
bool forceWebView,
bool enableJavaScript,
bool enableDomStorage,
bool universalLinksOnly,
Map<String, String> headers,
Brightness statusBarBrightness,
}) async {
assert(urlString != null);
final Uri url = Uri.parse(urlString.trimLeft());
final bool isWebURL = url.scheme == 'http' || url.scheme == 'https';
if ((forceSafariVC == true || forceWebView == true) && !isWebURL) {
throw PlatformException(
code: 'NOT_A_WEB_SCHEME',
message: 'To use webview or safariVC, you need to pass'
'in a web URL. This $urlString is not a web URL.');
}
bool previousAutomaticSystemUiAdjustment;
if (statusBarBrightness != null && defaultTargetPlatform == TargetPlatform.iOS) {
previousAutomaticSystemUiAdjustment =
WidgetsBinding.instance.renderView.automaticSystemUiAdjustment;
WidgetsBinding.instance.renderView.automaticSystemUiAdjustment = true;
SystemChrome.setSystemUIOverlayStyle(statusBarBrightness == Brightness.light
? SystemUiOverlayStyle.dark
: SystemUiOverlayStyle.light);
}
final bool result = await UrlLauncherPlatform.instance.launch(
urlString,
useSafariVC: forceSafariVC ?? isWebURL,
useWebView: forceWebView ?? false,
enableJavaScript: enableJavaScript ?? false,
enableDomStorage: enableDomStorage ?? false,
universalLinksOnly: universalLinksOnly ?? false,
headers: headers ?? <String, String>{},
);
if (statusBarBrightness != null) {
WidgetsBinding.instance.renderView.automaticSystemUiAdjustment =
previousAutomaticSystemUiAdjustment;
}
return result;
}
安卓或苹果平台加载：
实现让用户看到不少应用内部跳转打开网页加载，是跳转到手机默认浏览器加载。
if (Platform.isIOS) {
launch(url, forceSafariVC: false, forceWebView: true);
return;
}
if (Platform.isAndroid) {
launch(url);
}
解压插件源码可以看到Flutter就是调用安卓或者ios原生代码进行加载网页。
安卓中通过webview加载网页或者跳转默认浏览器加载网页：
LaunchStatus launch(
String url,
Bundle headersBundle,
boolean useWebView,
boolean enableJavaScript,
boolean enableDomStorage) {
if (activity == null) {
return LaunchStatus.NO_ACTIVITY;
}
Intent launchIntent;
if (useWebView) {
launchIntent =
WebViewActivity.createIntent(
activity, url, enableJavaScript, enableDomStorage, headersBundle);
} else {
launchIntent =
new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW)
.setData(Uri.parse(url))
.putExtra(Browser.EXTRA_HEADERS, headersBundle);
}
activity.startActivity(launchIntent);
return LaunchStatus.OK;
}
在ios手机中默认浏览器打开
- (void)launchURLInVC:(NSString *)urlString result:(FlutterResult)result API_AVAILABLE(ios(9.0)) {
NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:urlString];
self.currentSession = [[FLTURLLaunchSession alloc] initWithUrl:url withFlutterResult:result];
__weak typeof(self) weakSelf = self;
self.currentSession.didFinish = ^(void) {
weakSelf.currentSession = nil;
};
[self.topViewController presentViewController:self.currentSession.safari
animated:YES
completion:nil];
}
在ios中用内置浏览器打开：
- (void)launchURL:(NSString *)urlString
call:(FlutterMethodCall *)call
result:(FlutterResult)result {
NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:urlString];
UIApplication *application = [UIApplication sharedApplication];
if (@available(iOS 10.0, *)) {
NSNumber *universalLinksOnly = call.arguments[@"universalLinksOnly"] ?: @0;
NSDictionary *options = @{UIApplicationOpenURLOptionUniversalLinksOnly : universalLinksOnly};
[application openURL:url
options:options
completionHandler:^(BOOL success) {
result(@(success));
}];
} else {
#pragma clang diagnostic push
#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
BOOL success = [application openURL:url];
#pragma clang diagnostic pop
result(@(success));
}
}
如果在安卓或者苹果加载http网页出现无法加载：
///安卓：在xml文件夹下创建network_security_config.xml ，然后在AndroidManifest.xml 标签application引用
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <network-security-config> <base-config cleartextTrafficPermitted="true"> <trust-anchors> <certificates src="system" /> </trust-anchors> </base-config> </network-security-config> ///IOS：
参考：
Android WebView：https://developer.android.google.cn/guide/webapps/webview?hl=zh_cn
SafariServices：https://developer.apple.com/documentation/safariservices
