ltp是哈工大出品的自然语言处理工具箱, pyltp是python下对ltp(c++)的封装.
在linux下我们很容易的安装pyltp, 因为各种编译工具比较方便. 但是在windows下需要安装vs并且还得做一些配置, 因为我服务的人都是在windows下办公, 需要让他们能够在windows下使用ltp, 所以才有了这篇笔记. 我的方案有两个:
在win10 的bash下安装ltp, 然后启动ltp的server, 通过http协议来实现在windows下python调用ltp的方法. 安装编译好的wheel(目前只有python3.6/3.5 amd64)(我推荐这种方案) 我在文章最下面还引用了一种方法, 就是使用官方已经编译好的可执行exe文件, 直接在命令行(如cmd)下调用.第一种方案: bash下安装
基本环境
windows 10 bash for windows python 3.6安装bash on ubuntu on windows
这个大家自行百度, 安装很简单.
安装编译环境
sudo apt install cmake sudo apt install g++
安装过程大概十几分钟.
下载ltp源码
下载源码, 这是github地址. 解压到你能记住的位置编译
cd到源码目录, 比如我的目录:
cd /mnt/d/bash-sites/ltp-3.4.0
运行编译命令:
./configure make
编译过程大概花费十几分钟. 现在我的目录里多了一个bin文件夹:
drwxrwxrwx 0 root root 512 Jan 31 15:42 ./ drwxrwxrwx 0 root root 512 Jan 31 15:30 ../ -rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 800 Jan 31 15:30 appveyor.yml* -rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Jan 31 15:30 AUTHORS* drwxrwxrwx 0 root root 512 Jan 31 15:53 bin/ drwxrwxrwx 0 root root 512 Jan 31 15:42 build/ -rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 29301 Jan 31 15:30 ChangeLog.md* drwxrwxrwx 0 root root 512 Jan 31 15:30 cmake/ -rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 1439 Jan 31 15:30 CMakeLists.txt* drwxrwxrwx 0 root root 512 Jan 31 15:30 conf/ -rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 131 Jan 31 15:30 configure* -rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 902 Jan 31 15:30 COPYING* drwxrwxrwx 0 root root 512 Jan 31 15:30 doc/ -rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 79976 Jan 31 15:30 Doxyfile* drwxrwxrwx 0 root root 512 Jan 31 15:30 examples/ -rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 1028 Jan 31 15:30 .gitignore* drwxrwxrwx 0 root root 512 Jan 31 15:42 include/ -rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 85 Jan 31 15:30 INSTALL* drwxrwxrwx 0 root root 512 Jan 31 15:53 lib/ -rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 965 Jan 31 15:30 Makefile* -rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 6639 Jan 31 15:30 NEWS.md* -rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 4750 Jan 31 15:30 README.md* drwxrwxrwx 0 root root 512 Jan 31 15:30 src/ -rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3048 Jan 31 15:30 subproject.d.json* drwxrwxrwx 0 root root 512 Jan 31 15:31 thirdparty/ drwxrwxrwx 0 root root 512 Jan 31 15:31 tools/ -rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 1372 Jan 31 15:30 .travis.yml*
配置server
一开始我启动server遇到了这个错误.
[INFO] 2018-01-31 15:54:39 Loading segmentor model from "ltp_data/cws.model" ...
[ERROR] 2018-01-31 15:54:39 /mnt/d/bash-sites/ltp-3.4.0/src/ltp/LTPResource.cpp: line 50: LoadSegmentorResource(): Failed to load segmentor model
[ERROR] 2018-01-31 15:54:39 /mnt/d/bash-sites/ltp-3.4.0/src/ltp/Ltp.cpp: line 78: load(): in LTP::wordseg, failed to load segmentor resource
[ERROR] 2018-01-31 15:54:39 /mnt/d/bash-sites/ltp-3.4.0/src/server/ltp_server.cpp: line 172: main(): Failed to setup LTP engine.
因为缺少了模型文件, 在这里下载最新的模型文件.
解压到/mnt/d/bash-sites/ltp-3.4.0/ltp_data/下, 这是ltp默认的数据模型存放位置.
然后就能顺利启动服务器啦.
syd@DESKTOP-J02R2VJ:/mnt/d/bash-sites/ltp-3.4.0$ ./bin/ltp_server --port 9090
[INFO] 2018-01-31 15:56:36 Loading segmentor model from "ltp_data/cws.model" ...
[INFO] 2018-01-31 15:56:36 segmentor model is loaded.
[INFO] 2018-01-31 15:56:36 Loading postagger model from "ltp_data/pos.model" ...
[INFO] 2018-01-31 15:56:36 postagger model is loaded
[INFO] 2018-01-31 15:56:36 Loading NER resource from "ltp_data/ner.model"
[INFO] 2018-01-31 15:56:36 NER resource is loaded.
[INFO] 2018-01-31 15:56:36 Loading parser resource from "ltp_data/parser.model"
[INFO] 2018-01-31 15:56:37 parser is loaded.
[INFO] 2018-01-31 15:56:37 Loading srl resource from "ltp_data/pisrl.model"
[dynet] random seed: 493907432
[dynet] allocating memory: 2000MB
[dynet] memory allocation done.
[INFO] 2018-01-31 15:56:39 srl resource is loaded.
[INFO] 2018-01-31 15:56:39 Resources loading finished.
[INFO] 2018-01-31 15:56:39 Start listening on port [9090]...
测试
随便写个请求, 看看效果:
import requests
import json
uri_base = "http://127.0.0.1:9090/ltp"
data = {'s': '我认为他叫汤姆去拿外衣和鞋子。', 'x': 'n', 't': 'srl'}
response = requests.get(uri_base, data=data)
rdata = response.json()
print(json.dumps(rdata, indent=4, ensure_ascii=False))
[
[
[
{
"arg": [],
"cont": "我",
"id": 0,
"ne": "O",
"parent": 1,
"pos": "r",
"relate": "SBV"
},
{
"arg": [
{
"beg": 0,
"end": 0,
"id": 0,
"type": "A0"
},
{
"beg": 2,
"end": 9,
"id": 1,
"type": "A1"
}
],
"cont": "认为",
"id": 1,
"ne": "O",
"parent": -1,
"pos": "v",
"relate": "HED"
},
{
"arg": [],
"cont": "他",
"id": 2,
"ne": "O",
"parent": 3,
"pos": "r",
"relate": "SBV"
},
{
"arg": [
{
"beg": 2,
"end": 2,
"id": 0,
"type": "A0"
},
{
"beg": 4,
"end": 4,
"id": 1,
"type": "A1"
},
{
"beg": 5,
"end": 9,
"id": 2,
"type": "A2"
}
],
"cont": "叫",
"id": 3,
"ne": "O",
"parent": 1,
"pos": "v",
"relate": "VOB"
},
{
"arg": [],
"cont": "汤姆",
"id": 4,
"ne": "S-Nh",
"parent": 3,
"pos": "nh",
"relate": "DBL"
},
{
"arg": [],
"cont": "去",
"id": 5,
"ne": "O",
"parent": 6,
"pos": "v",
"relate": "ADV"
},
{
"arg": [
{
"beg": 7,
"end": 9,
"id": 0,
"type": "A1"
}
],
"cont": "拿",
"id": 6,
"ne": "O",
"parent": 3,
"pos": "v",
"relate": "VOB"
},
{
"arg": [],
"cont": "外衣",
"id": 7,
"ne": "O",
"parent": 6,
"pos": "n",
"relate": "VOB"
},
{
"arg": [],
"cont": "和",
"id": 8,
"ne": "O",
"parent": 9,
"pos": "c",
"relate": "LAD"
},
{
"arg": [],
"cont": "鞋子",
"id": 9,
"ne": "O",
"parent": 7,
"pos": "n",
"relate": "COO"
},
{
"arg": [],
"cont": "。",
"id": 10,
"ne": "O",
"parent": 1,
"pos": "wp",
"relate": "WP"
}
]
]
]
第二种方案: 安装wheel
下载wheels
下面两个文件针对不同的python版本下载一个即可， 这是我在自己的电脑（win10）上编译的，不知道你的系统是否能用，64bit的windows应该都可以，有问题在下面留言。
pyltp-0.2.1-cp35-cp35m-win_amd64.whl pyltp-0.2.1-cp36-cp36m-win_amd64.whl注意: 这两个文件的区别是python版本号
安装文件
下载好了以后, 在命令行下, cd到wheel文件所在的目录, 然后使用命令pip install wheel文件名安装.
测试
安装好了以后, 打开python shell, 试用一下.
from pyltp import SentenceSplitter
sents = SentenceSplitter.split('元芳你怎么看？我就趴窗口上看呗！') # 分句
print('\n'.join(sents))
下载models数据
下载models链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1o9vytmU 密码：5ntf 放到任意方便调用的地方即可， 因为程序里需要你自己主动调用的第三种方案: 直接调用编译好的ltp的可执行文件
可以参考这篇文章, 但是我在3.4版本中测试不成功, 加载srl资源失败. 但是在3.3.1版本上测试是成功的.
