正文
不带参数的多线程实现
第一步 建立控制台应用
第二步 引用System.Threading.Thread
using System.Threading;
在 C# 中，System.Threading.Thread 类用于线程的工作。它允许创建并访问多线程应用程序中的单个线程。进程中第一个被执行的线程称为主线程。
第三步：完成代码
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Threading;
namespace 多线程Test
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
int num = 100;
for (int i = 0; i < num; i++)
{
//无参的多线程
noParmaThread();
}
}
private static void StartThread()
{
Console.WriteLine("------开始了新线程------");
Thread.Sleep(2000);//wait
Console.WriteLine("------线程结束------");
}
/// <summary>
///不需要传递参数
/// </summary>
private static void noParmaThread()
{
ThreadStart threadStart = new ThreadStart(StartThread);
var thread = new Thread(threadStart);
thread.Start();//开始线程
}
}
}
运行结果
拓展：C#多线程刷新界面卡死测试
背景
在上位机程序开发过程中，不可避免的会用到多线程，如处理Socket通信、PLC读取、界面数据实时刷新等。在某个项目中由于开启的线程很多，出现了不定期界面卡死状况，但后台线程还在运行，日志还在输出。为了解决这个问题，特写了模拟程序进行问题复现。顺便把过程分享一下。
要点
1、区分Control.BeginInvoke和Control.Invoke的用法
2、区分System.Timers.Timer、System.Threading.ThreadPool、System.Threading.Thread
Demo
创建一个WinForm应用程序，把工程属性的输出类型设置为控制台应用程序，方便运行时查看日志。
关键代码
BasicInvoker
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;
namespace WinApp
{
/// <summary>
/// 调用器
/// </summary>
public class BasicInvoker
{
public delegate void Invoke();
private Form form = null;
private TextBox txt = null;
private object value = String.Empty;
public BasicInvoker(Form form, TextBox txt, object value)
{
this.form = form;
this.txt = txt;
this.value = value;
}
public void SetValue()
{
if (this.form != null && !this.form.IsDisposed)
{
if (this.form.InvokeRequired)
{
Delegate d = new Invoke(this.DoWork);
try
{
this.form.Invoke(d, null);
//this.form.BeginInvoke(d);
}
catch(Exception ex)
{
Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
}
}
else
{
this.DoWork();
}
}
}
public void DoWork()
{
if (this.txt != null)
{
this.txt.Text = this.value.ToString();
Console.WriteLine(String.Format("{0:yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff}", DateTime.Now) + " " + this.value.ToString() + "...1");
System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(200);
Console.WriteLine(String.Format("{0:yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff}", DateTime.Now) + " " + this.value.ToString() + "...2");
}
}
}
}
FrmTest
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;
namespace WinApp
{
public partial class FrmTester : Form
{
#region 变量定义
private System.Timers.Timer timer1 = null;
private System.Timers.Timer timer2 = null;
private System.Timers.Timer timer3 = null;
private System.Threading.Thread thread1 = null;
private System.Threading.Thread thread2 = null;
private System.Threading.Thread thread3 = null;
#endregion
#region 构造方法
public FrmTester()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
#endregion
#region 事件处理
private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
}
private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (timer1 == null)
{
timer1 = new System.Timers.Timer();
timer1.Interval = 500;
timer1.Elapsed += t1_Elapsed;
timer1.Start();
}
}
private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (timer2 == null)
{
timer2 = new System.Timers.Timer();
timer2.Interval = 500;
timer2.Elapsed += t2_Elapsed;
timer2.Start();
}
}
private void button3_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (timer3 == null)
{
timer3 = new System.Timers.Timer();
timer3.Interval = 500;
timer3.Elapsed += t3_Elapsed;
timer3.Start();
}
}
private void button4_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
System.Threading.ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(new System.Threading.WaitCallback(this.CallBack1));
}
private void button5_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
System.Threading.ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(new System.Threading.WaitCallback(this.CallBack2));
}
private void button6_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
System.Threading.ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(new System.Threading.WaitCallback(this.CallBack3));
}
private void button7_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (this.thread1 == null)
{
this.thread1 = new System.Threading.Thread(new System.Threading.ThreadStart(this.CallBack1));
this.thread1.Start();
}
}
private void button8_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (this.thread2 == null)
{
this.thread2 = new System.Threading.Thread(new System.Threading.ThreadStart(this.CallBack2));
this.thread2.Start();
}
}
private void button9_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (this.thread3 == null)
{
this.thread3 = new System.Threading.Thread(new System.Threading.ThreadStart(this.CallBack3));
this.thread3.Start();
}
}
private void Form1_FormClosing(object sender, FormClosingEventArgs e)
{
Console.WriteLine("FormClosing...");
if (this.timer1 != null)
{
this.timer1.Stop();
this.timer1.Dispose();
}
if (this.timer2 != null)
{
this.timer2.Stop();
this.timer2.Dispose();
}
if (this.timer3 != null)
{
this.timer3.Stop();
this.timer3.Dispose();
}
if (this.thread1 != null)
{
//if (this.thread1.ThreadState == System.Threading.ThreadState.Running)
{
this.thread1.Abort();
}
}
if (this.thread2 != null)
{
//if (this.thread2.ThreadState == System.Threading.ThreadState.Running)
{
this.thread2.Abort();
}
}
if (this.thread3 != null)
{
//if (this.thread3.ThreadState == System.Threading.ThreadState.Running)
{
this.thread3.Abort();
}
}
}
private void Form1_FormClosed(object sender, FormClosedEventArgs e)
{
Console.WriteLine("FormClosed...");
}
#endregion
#region 定时处理方法定义
private void t1_Elapsed(object sender, System.Timers.ElapsedEventArgs e)
{
//lock(Global.PublicVar.Instance.Locker1)
lock (String.Empty)
{
BasicInvoker invoker = new BasicInvoker(this, this.textBox1, Guid.NewGuid().ToString());
invoker.SetValue();
}
}
private void t2_Elapsed(object sender, System.Timers.ElapsedEventArgs e)
{
lock (Global.PublicVar.Instance.Locker1)
lock (String.Empty)
{
BasicInvoker invoker = new BasicInvoker(this, this.textBox1, "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA");
invoker.SetValue();
}
}
private void t3_Elapsed(object sender, System.Timers.ElapsedEventArgs e)
{
//lock (Global.PublicVar.Instance.Locker1)
lock (String.Empty)
{
BasicInvoker invoker = new BasicInvoker(this, this.textBox1, "BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB");
invoker.SetValue();
}
}
public void CallBack1(object state)
{
while(true)
{
//lock (Global.PublicVar.Instance.Locker1)
lock(String.Empty)
{
BasicInvoker invoker = new BasicInvoker(this, this.textBox1, Guid.NewGuid().ToString());
invoker.SetValue();
}
System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(500);
}
}
public void CallBack2(object state)
{
while (true)
{
//lock (Global.PublicVar.Instance.Locker1)
lock(String.Empty)
{
BasicInvoker invoker = new BasicInvoker(this, this.textBox1, "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA");
invoker.SetValue();
}
System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(500);
}
}
public void CallBack3(object state)
{
while (true)
{
//lock (Global.PublicVar.Instance.Locker1)
lock(String.Empty)
{
BasicInvoker invoker = new BasicInvoker(this, this.textBox1, "BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB");
invoker.SetValue();
}
System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(500);
}
}
public void CallBack1()
{
while (true)
{
//lock (Global.PublicVar.Instance.Locker1)
lock (String.Empty)
{
BasicInvoker invoker = new BasicInvoker(this, this.textBox1, Guid.NewGuid().ToString());
invoker.SetValue();
}
System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(500);
}
}
public void CallBack2()
{
while (true)
{
//lock (Global.PublicVar.Instance.Locker1)
lock (String.Empty)
{
BasicInvoker invoker = new BasicInvoker(this, this.textBox1, "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA");
invoker.SetValue();
}
System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(500);
}
}
public void CallBack3()
{
while (true)
{
//lock (Global.PublicVar.Instance.Locker1)
lock (String.Empty)
{
BasicInvoker invoker = new BasicInvoker(this, this.textBox1, "BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB");
invoker.SetValue();
}
System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(500);
}
}
#endregion
}
}
运行图：
运行结果：
一、使用Control.BeginInvoke的情况
public void SetValue()
{
if (this.form != null && !this.form.IsDisposed)
{
if (this.form.InvokeRequired)
{
Delegate d = new Invoke(this.DoWork);
try
{
//this.form.Invoke(d, null);
this.form.BeginInvoke(d);
}
catch(Exception ex)
{
Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
}
}
else
{
this.DoWork();
}
}
}
1.1、System.Timers.Timer开启2以上很快界面卡死，日志正常输出。
1.2、System.Threading.ThreadPool开启3个时，运行一会界面卡死，日志正常输出。
1.3、System.Threading.Thread开启3个时，运行一会界面卡死，日志正常输出。
二、使用Control.Invoke的情况
public void SetValue()
{
if (this.form != null && !this.form.IsDisposed)
{
if (this.form.InvokeRequired)
{
Delegate d = new Invoke(this.DoWork);
try
{
this.form.Invoke(d, null);
//this.form.BeginInvoke(d);
}
catch(Exception ex)
{
Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
}
}
else
{
this.DoWork();
}
}
}
2.1、System.Timers.Timer开启3个时很快界面卡死，日志正常输出。
2.2、System.Threading.ThreadPool开启3个时，界面正常操作，日志正常输出。
2.3、System.Threading.Thread开启3个时，界面正常操作，日志正常输出。
测试总结：
1、System.Threading.ThreadPool与System.Threading.Thread运行效果基本相同。
2、在多线程刷新界面时尽量通过Control.Invoke调用委托实现。
