概述
绑定机制是wpf的核心,也是界面独立的根本,尤其是使用了mvvm模式,没有业务逻辑的干扰,使得界面得以专注于绚丽效果的实现。在xaml中编写绑定语句后,在业务逻辑层需要定义相应的属性与其绑定,需要继承INotifyPropertyChanged,并通过PropertyChanged通知属性改变。但是每个地方都去继承实现INotifyPropertyChanged还是有点麻烦。
具体方法
1、继承INotifyPropertyChanged
继承INotifyPropertyChanged后需要定义一个事件。
public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;
2、定义通知方法
定义一个动作属性改变的方法。这一步骤将2个参数,简化成了一个字符串参数。
protected void RaisePropertyChangedEvent( string propertyName ) { if (PropertyChanged != null) { PropertyChanged(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(propertyName)); } }
3、自动获取属性名
调用的时候要写属性名还是有点麻烦,进一步简化,将属性名参数省去。
在.net 4.5以下需要通过栈帧和反射获取属性名,在.net4.5或core1.0以上使用System.Runtime.CompilerServices.CallerMemberName属性即可。
string GetCallerMemberName() { StackTrace trace = new StackTrace(); StackFrame frame = trace.GetFrame(2);//1代表上级,2代表上上级,以此类推 var propertyName = frame.GetMethod().Name; if (propertyName.StartsWith("get_") || propertyName.StartsWith("set_") || propertyName.StartsWith("put_")) { propertyName = propertyName.Substring("get_".Length); } return propertyName; }
通知方法作相应的修改如下。
protected void RaisePropertyChangedEvent(/*此属性在.net 4.5以下不支持将其注释即可*/[System.Runtime.CompilerServices.CallerMemberName] string propertyName = "") { if (propertyName == "") { propertyName = GetCallerMemberName(); } if (PropertyChanged != null) { PropertyChanged(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(propertyName)); } }
注:在.net4.5以下只能调用GetCallerMemberName,使用者觉得影响性能则直接使用参数赋值即可。
完整代码
public abstract class ViewModelBase : INotifyPropertyChanged { public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged; protected void RaisePropertyChangedEvent([System.Runtime.CompilerServices.CallerMemberName] string propertyName = "") { if (propertyName == "") { propertyName = GetCallerMemberName(); } if (PropertyChanged != null) { PropertyChanged(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(propertyName)); } } string GetCallerMemberName() { StackTrace trace = new StackTrace(); StackFrame frame = trace.GetFrame(2);//1代表上级,2代表上上级,以此类推 var propertyName = frame.GetMethod().Name; if (propertyName.StartsWith("get_") || propertyName.StartsWith("set_") || propertyName.StartsWith("put_")) { propertyName = propertyName.Substring("get_".Length); } return propertyName; } }
使用示例
TimeTick .cs
public class TimeTick : ViewModelBase { public double Seconds { set { _seconds = value; RaisePropertyChangedEvent(); } get { return _seconds; } } double _seconds; public TimeTick() { DispatcherTimer time = new DispatcherTimer(); time.Tick += Time_Tick; time.Interval = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(1000); time.Start(); } private void Time_Tick(object sender, EventArgs e) { //修改属性的值 Seconds++; } }
MainWindow.xaml.cs
public MainWindow() { InitializeComponent(); this.DataContext = new TimeTick(); }
MainWindow.xaml
<Window x:Class="WpfApp1.MainWindow" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008" xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" xmlns:sys="clr-namespace:System;assembly=mscorlib" xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WpfApp1" mc:Ignorable="d" Title="MainWindow" Height="360" Width="640"> <Grid > <TextBlock HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center" Text="{Binding Seconds}" FontSize="128" Foreground="#999999" Loaded="TextBlock_Loaded" ></TextBlock> </Grid> </Window>
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