一、先获取绝对路径再读取文件(jar包里会获取不到)
方法一:类加载器的getResource().getPath()获取目录路径
/** * 方法一:使用类加载器的getResource().getPath()获取全路径再拼接文件名,最后根据文件路径获取文件流 * 备注:jar包不可用,因为jar包中没有一个实际的路径存放文件 * * @param fileName * @return * @throws FileNotFoundException */ public BufferedReader function1(String fileName) throws FileNotFoundException { // /Users/zunf/code/read-resource/target/classes/ String path = this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResource("").getPath(); // /Users/zunf/code/read-resource/target/classes/测试.txt String filePath = path + fileName; return new BufferedReader(new FileReader(filePath)); }
方法二:类加载器的getResource().getPath()获取文件路径
/** * 方法二:使用类加载器的getResource().getPath(),传参直接获取文件路径,再根据文件路径获取文件流 * 备注:jar包不可用,因为jar包中没有一个实际的路径存放文件 * * @param fileName * @return * @throws IOException */ public BufferedReader function2(String fileName) throws IOException { // /Users/zunf/code/read-resource/target/classes/%e6%b5%8b%e8%af%95.txt String filePath = this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResource(fileName).getPath(); //可以看到上面读取到路径的中文被URLEncoder编码了,所以需要先用URLDecoder解码一下,恢复中文 filePath = URLDecoder.decode(filePath, "UTF-8"); return new BufferedReader(new FileReader(filePath)); }
二、直接获取文件流(jar包可用)
方法三:ClassLoader对象的getResourceAsStream()
/** * 方法三:使用类加载器的getResourceAsStream(),直接获取文件流 * 备注:jar包可用 * * @param fileName * @return * @throws IOException */ public BufferedReader function3(String fileName) throws IOException { //getResourceAsStream(fileName) 等价于getResource(fileName).openStream() InputStream inputStream = this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream(fileName); if (inputStream == null) { throw new FileNotFoundException(fileName); } return new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream)); }
方法四:Class对象的getResourceAsStream()
- ClassLoader 的getResource()是从类路径的根路径查找的,所以不加“/”也可以
- Class 的getResource()是从当前类所在的包路径查找资源,所以如果不加“/”表示去根路径查找的话,是找不到的
/** * 方法四:使用Class对象的getResourceAsStream()获取文件流 * 备注:jar包可用 * * @param fileName * @return * @throws IOException */ public BufferedReader function4(String fileName) throws IOException { //getResourceAsStream(fileName) 等价于getResource(fileName).openStream() InputStream inputStream = this.getClass().getResourceAsStream("/" + fileName); if (inputStream == null) { throw new FileNotFoundException(fileName); } return new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream)); }
三、使用封装好的类(jar包可用)
源码里还是方法三、方法四,只不过做了一些封装,更方便开发
方法五:Spring提供的ClassPathResource
/** * 方法五:使用Spring提供的ClassPathResource获取 * 备注:jar包可用 * * @param fileName * @return * @throws IOException */ public BufferedReader function5(String fileName) throws IOException { ClassPathResource classPathResource = new ClassPathResource(fileName); InputStream inputStream = classPathResource.getInputStream(); return new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream)); }
方法六:Hutool提供的ResourceUtil
/** * 方法六:使用Hutool的ResourceUtil * 备注:jar包可用 * * @param fileName * @return * @throws IOException */ public BufferedReader function6(String fileName) throws IOException { List<URL> resources = ResourceUtil.getResources(fileName); URL resource = resources.get(0); return new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(resource.openStream())); }
四、测试jar包中是否可用的代码
1)编写接口
//Jar包启动时根据传入的不同funcation值来选择调用哪个方法测试 @Value("${function}") private int function; @GetMapping("/test") public String test() throws IOException { //需要在resource里读取的文件 String fileName = "测试.txt"; //调用方法 System.out.println("调用function" + function); BufferedReader bufferedReader = null; switch (function) { case 1: bufferedReader = function1(fileName); break; case 2: bufferedReader = function2(fileName); break; case 3: bufferedReader = function3(fileName); break; case 4: bufferedReader = function4(fileName); break; case 5: bufferedReader = function5(fileName); break; case 6: bufferedReader = function6(fileName); break; default: } //读取并输出 StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); String line = null; while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) { sb.append(line).append("\n"); } System.out.println(sb); return sb.toString(); }
2)启动jar包指令
java -jar -Dfunction=6 read-resource-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
- 更改
-Dfunction=6
的值就能动态切换方法了。