目录
协议(Protocol)
1、协议可以用来定义方法、属性、下标的声明,协议可以被枚举、结构体、类遵守(多个协议之间用逗号隔开)
protocol Drawable { func draw() var x: Int { get set } var y: Int { get } subscript(index: Int) -> Int { get set } }
2、协议中定义方法时不能有默认参数值
3、默认情况下,协议中定义的内容必须全部都实现
协议中的属性
1、协议中定义属性时必须用var关键字
2、实现协议时属性权限要不小于协议中定义的属性权限
协议定义get、set,用var存储属性或get、set计算属性去实现
协议定义get,用任何属性都可以实现
class Person: Drawable { var x: Int = 0 let y: Int = 0 func draw() { print("Person draw") } subscript(index: Int) -> Int { set {} get { index } } }
class Person: Drawable { var x: Int { get { 0 } set {} } var y: Int { get { 0 } } func draw() { print("Person draw") } subscript(index: Int) -> Int { set {} get { index } } }
static、class
1、为了保证通用,协议中必须用static定义类型方法、类型属性、类型下标
protocol Drawable { static func draw() } class Person1: Drawable { class func draw() { print("Person1 draw") } } class Person2: Drawable { static func draw() { print("Person2 draw") } }
mutating
1、只有将协议中的实例方法标记为mutating
才允许结构体、枚举的具体实现修改自身内存
类在实现方法时不用加mutating,枚举、结构体才需要加mutating
protocol Drawable { mutating func draw() } class Size: Drawable { var width: Int = 0 func draw() { width = 10 } } static Point: Drawable { var x: Int = 0 mutating func draw() { x = 10 } }
init
1、协议里面还可以定义初始化器init
非final类实现时必须加上required
protocol Drawable { init(x: Int, y: Int) } class Point: Drawable { required init(x: Int, y: Int) { } } final class Size: Drawable { init(x: Int, y: Int) { } }
2、如果从协议实现的初始化器,刚好是重写了父类的指定初始化器
那么这个初始化必须同时加required、override
protocol Liveable { init(age: Int) } class Person { init(age: Int) {} } class Student: Person, Liveable { required override init(age: Int) { super.init(age: age) } }
init、init?、init!
1、协议中定义的init?、init!,可以用init、init?、init!去实现
2、协议中定义的init,可以用init、init!去实现
protocol Liveable { init() init?(age: Int) init!(no: Int) } class Person: Liveable { required init() {} // required init!() {} required init?(age: Int) {} // required init!(age: Int) {} // required init(age: Int) {} required init!(no: Int) {} // required init?(no: Int) {} // required init(no: Int) {} }
协议的继承
1、一个协议可以继承其他协议
协议组合
1、协议组合,可以包含1个类类型(最多1个)
protocol Livable {} protocol Runnable {} class Person {} //接收Person或者其子类的实例 func fn0(obj: Person) {} //接收遵守Livable协议的实例 func fn1(obj: Livable) {} //接收同时遵守Livable和Runnable协议的实例 func fn2(obj: Livable & Runnable) {} //接收同时遵守Livable、Runnable协议,并且是Person或者其子类的实例 func fn3(obj: Person & Livable & Runnable) {}
typealias RealPerson = Person & Livable & Runnable func fn4(obj: RealPerson) {}
CaseIterable
1、让枚举遵守CaseIterable协议,可以实现遍历枚举值
enum Season: CaseIterable { case spring, summer, autumn, winter } let seasons = Season.allCases print(seasons.count) // 4 for season in seasons { print(season) }
CustomStringConvertible
1、遵守CustomStringConvertible协议,可以自定义实例的打印字符串
class Person: CustomStringConvertible { var age: Int var name: String init(age: Int, name: String) { self.age = age self.name = name } var description: String { "age = \(age), name = \(name)" } } var p = Person(age: 10, name: "Jack") print(p) // age = 10, name = Jack