目录
错误类型
1、开发过程常见的错误
- 语法错误(编译报错)
- 逻辑错误
- 运行时错误(可能会导致闪退,一般也叫做异常),也是我们今天讲的重点
自定义错误
1、Swift中可以通过Error协议自定义运行时的错误信息
enum SomeError: Error { case illegalArg(String) case outOfBounds(Int, Int) case outOfMemory }
2、函数内部通过throw抛出自定义Error,可能会抛出Error的函数必须加上throws声明
func divide(_ num1: Int, _ num2: Int) throws -> Int { if num2 == 0 { throw SomeError.illegalArg("0不能作为除数") } return num1 / num2 }
3、需要使用try调用可能会抛出Error的函数
4、可以使用do-catch捕捉Error
func test() { do { try divide(20, 0) } catch let SomeError.illegalArg(msg) { print("参数异常:", msg) } catch let SomeError.outOfBounds(size, index) { print("下标越界:", "size = \(size), index = \(index)") } catch SomeError.outOfMemory { print("内存溢出") } catch { print("其他错误") } }
5、抛出Error后,try下一句直到作用域结束的代码都停止运行
处理Error
1、处理Error的2种方式
a、通过do-catch捕捉Error
b、不捕捉Error,在当前函数增加throws声明,Error将自动抛给上层函数
func test() throws { print(try divide(200, 0)) }
如果最顶层函数(main函数)依然没有捕捉Error,那么程序将终止
以下是几种error的处理方法:
func test() throws { do { print(try divide(200, 0)) } catch let error as SomeError { print(error) } }
func test() throws { do { print(try divide(200, 0)) } catch is SomeError { print("SomeError") } }
do { try divide(20, 0) } catch let error { switch error { case let SomeError.illegalArg(msg): print("参数异常:", msg) default: print("其他异常") } }
我们通过一个例子来总结一下处理Error的2种方式:
override func viewWillAppear(_ animated: Bool) { super.viewWillAppear(animated) try test0() } func test0() throws -> Void { try test1() } func test1() throws -> Void { try test2() } func test2() throws -> Void { do { print(try divide(200, 0)) } catch is SomeError { print("This is SomeError") } }
try?与try!
1、可以使用try?、try!调用可能会抛出Error的函数,这样就不用去处理Error
func test() -> Void { print("1") var result1 = try? divide(20, 10) // Optional(2), Int? var result2 = try? divide(20, 0) // nil var result3 = try! divide(20, 10) // 2, Int print("2") }
2、a、b是等价的
var a = try? divide(20, 0) var b: Int? do { b = try divide(20, 0) } catch { b = nil }
rethrows
1、rethrows表明:函数本身不会抛出错误,但调用闭包参数抛出错误,那么它会将错误向上抛
func exec(_ fn: (Int, Int) throws -> Int, _ num1: Int, _ num2: Int) rethrows -> Void { print(try fn(num1, num2)) }
defer
1、defer语句:用来定义以任何方式(抛错误、return等)离开代码块前必须要执行的代码
defer语句将延迟到当前作用域结束之前执行
func open(_ filename: String) -> Int { print("open") return 1 } func close(_ file: Int) -> Void { print("close") } func processFile(_ filename: String) throws -> Void { let file = open(filename) defer { close(file) } try divide(20, 0) }
2、defer语句的执行顺序与定义顺序相反
func fn1() -> Void { print("fn1") } func fn2() -> Void { print("fn2") } func testDefer() -> Void { defer { fn1() } defer { fn2() } } //fn2 fn1