目录
Flutter 适配组件
在 Flutter 我们只需要掌握一些 Widget 即可,实际的开发过程中,我们也只需要在合适的地方使用它们即可。
1. MediaQuery
第一个 Widget 即是 MediaQuery,通过它可以直接获得屏幕的大小(宽度 / 高度)和方向(纵向 / 横向)。
cclass HomePage extends StatelessWidget { @override Widget build(BuildContext context) { Size screenSize = MediaQuery.of(context).size; Orientation orientation = MediaQuery.of(context).orientation; return Scaffold( body: Container( color: CustomColors.android, child: Center( child: Text( 'View\n\n' + '[MediaQuery width]: ${screenSize.width.toStringAsFixed(2)}\n\n' + '[MediaQuery orientation]: $orientation', style: TextStyle(color: Colors.white, fontSize: 18), ), ), ), ); } }
2. LayoutBuilder
使用 LayoutBuilder 组件,可以获得一个 BoxConstraints 对象,通过该对象我们就可以拿到 Widget 的 maxWidth(最大宽度) 和maxHeight(最大高度)
MediaQuery 和 LayoutBuilder 的区别在在于,MediaQuery 得到的是整个屏幕的宽高,而 LayoutBuilder 得到的是特定组件的最大高度和宽度。
class HomePage extends StatelessWidget { @override Widget build(BuildContext context) { Size screenSize = MediaQuery.of(context).size; return Scaffold( body: Row( children: [ Expanded( flex: 2, child: LayoutBuilder( builder: (context, constraints) => Container( color: CustomColors.android, child: Center( child: Text( 'View 1\n\n' + '[MediaQuery]:\n ${screenSize.width.toStringAsFixed(2)}\n\n' + '[LayoutBuilder]:\n${constraints.maxWidth.toStringAsFixed(2)}', style: TextStyle(color: Colors.white, fontSize: 18), ), ), ), ), ), Expanded( flex: 3, child: LayoutBuilder( builder: (context, constraints) => Container( color: Colors.white, child: Center( child: Text( 'View 2\n\n' + '[MediaQuery]:\n ${screenSize.width.toStringAsFixed(2)}\n\n' + '[LayoutBuilder]:\n${constraints.maxWidth.toStringAsFixed(2)}', style: TextStyle(color: CustomColors.android, fontSize: 18), ), ), ), ), ), ], ), ); } }
3. OrientationBuilder
要确定当前 Widget 的方向,可以使用 OrientationBuilder 组件。这里的方向与 MediaQuery 提供的设备方向不同。
class HomePage extends StatelessWidget { @override Widget build(BuildContext context) { Orientation deviceOrientation = MediaQuery.of(context).orientation; return Scaffold( body: Column( children: [ Expanded( flex: 2, child: Container( color: CustomColors.android, child: OrientationBuilder( builder: (context, orientation) => Center( child: Text( 'View 1\n\n' + '[MediaQuery orientation]:\n$deviceOrientation\n\n' + '[OrientationBuilder]:\n$orientation', style: TextStyle(color: Colors.white, fontSize: 18), ), ), ), ), ), Expanded( flex: 3, child: OrientationBuilder( builder: (context, orientation) => Container( color: Colors.white, child: Center( child: Text( 'View 2\n\n' + '[MediaQuery orientation]:\n$deviceOrientation\n\n' + '[OrientationBuilder]:\n$orientation', style: TextStyle(color: CustomColors.android, fontSize: 18), ), ), ), ), ), ], ), ); } }
4. Expanded 和 Flexible
Expanded 和 Flexible 这两个组件可以和 Column/Row 搭配使用,来实现非常完美的自适应效果。Expanded 可以用来拓展 Row, 、Column 和 Flex,从而让子组件填充可用空间,Flexible 功能类似但并不一定能填充全部可用空间。
下面这个例子演示了混合使用 Expanded 和 Flexible 的各种方式:
class HomePage extends StatelessWidget { @override Widget build(BuildContext context) { return Scaffold( backgroundColor: Colors.white, body: SafeArea( child: Column( children: [ Row( children: [ ExpandedWidget(), FlexibleWidget(), ], ), Row( children: [ ExpandedWidget(), ExpandedWidget(), ], ), Row( children: [ FlexibleWidget(), FlexibleWidget(), ], ), Row( children: [ FlexibleWidget(), ExpandedWidget(), ], ), ], ), ), ); } } class ExpandedWidget extends StatelessWidget { @override Widget build(BuildContext context) { return Expanded( child: Container( decoration: BoxDecoration( color: CustomColors.android, border: Border.all(color: Colors.white), ), child: Padding( padding: const EdgeInsets.all(16.0), child: Text( 'Expanded', style: TextStyle(color: Colors.white, fontSize: 24), ), ), ), ); } } class FlexibleWidget extends StatelessWidget { @override Widget build(BuildContext context) { return Flexible( child: Container( decoration: BoxDecoration( color: CustomColors.androidAccent, border: Border.all(color: Colors.white), ), child: Padding( padding: const EdgeInsets.all(16.0), child: Text( 'Flexible', style: TextStyle(color: CustomColors.android, fontSize: 24), ), ), ), ); } }
5. FractionallySizedBox
FractionallySizedBox 组件可以使子组件填充部分可用空间,该特性在 Expanded 或 Flexible 中特别有用。
class HomePage extends StatelessWidget { @override Widget build(BuildContext context) { return Scaffold( backgroundColor: Colors.white, body: SafeArea( child: Column( mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.start, children: [ Row( crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.start, children: [ FractionallySizedWidget(widthFactor: 0.4), ], ), Row( crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.start, children: [ FractionallySizedWidget(widthFactor: 0.6), ], ), Row( crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.start, children: [ FractionallySizedWidget(widthFactor: 0.8), ], ), Row( crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.start, children: [ FractionallySizedWidget(widthFactor: 1.0), ], ), ], ), ), ); } } class FractionallySizedWidget extends StatelessWidget { final double widthFactor; FractionallySizedWidget({@required this.widthFactor}); @override Widget build(BuildContext context) { return Expanded( child: FractionallySizedBox( alignment: Alignment.centerLeft, widthFactor: widthFactor, child: Container( decoration: BoxDecoration( color: CustomColors.android, border: Border.all(color: Colors.white), ), child: Padding( padding: const EdgeInsets.all(16.0), child: Text( '${widthFactor * 100}%', style: TextStyle(color: Colors.white, fontSize: 24), ), ), ), ), ); } }
6. AspectRatio
AspectRatio 组件可以直接指定子组件的固定宽高比例,使用时,我们可以使用布局约束的最大宽度,并给定一个宽高比自适应其高度
class HomePage extends StatelessWidget { @override Widget build(BuildContext context) { return Scaffold( backgroundColor: Colors.white, body: SafeArea( child: Column( children: [ AspectRatioWidget(ratio: '16 / 9'), AspectRatioWidget(ratio: '3 / 2'), ], ), ), ); } } class AspectRatioWidget extends StatelessWidget { final String ratio; AspectRatioWidget({@required this.ratio}); @override Widget build(BuildContext context) { return AspectRatio( aspectRatio: Fraction.fromString(ratio).toDouble(), child: Container( decoration: BoxDecoration( color: CustomColors.android, border: Border.all(color: Colors.white), ), child: Padding( padding: const EdgeInsets.all(16.0), child: Center( child: Text( 'AspectRatio - $ratio', style: TextStyle(color: Colors.white, fontSize: 24), ), ), ), ), ); } }