需求
数据表如下:
department表
|id|name|
user表
|id|name|department_id|
需求是得到以下结构的数据:
[ { "id":1, "name":"test", "department_id":1, "department":{ "id":1, "name":"测试部门" } } ]
方法一:循环查询
-
查询用户列表
-
循环用户列表查询对应的部门信息
$users = $db->query('SELECT * FROM `user`');foreach($users as &$user) { $users['department'] = $db->query('SELECT * FROM `department` WHERE `id` = '.$user['department_id']); }
该方法查询次数为:1+N(1次查询列表,N次查询部门),性能最低,不可取。
方法二:连表
-
通过连表查询用户和部门数据
-
处理返回数据
$users = $db->query('SELECT * FROM `user` INNER JOIN `department` ON `department`.`id` = `user`.`department_id`');// 手动处理返回结果为需求结构
该方法其实也有局限性,如果 user 和 department 不在同一个服务器是不可以连表的。
方法三:1+1查询
-
该方法先查询1次用户列表
-
取出列表中的部门ID组成数组
-
查询步骤2中的部门
-
合并最终数据
代码大致如下:
$users = $db->query('SELECT * FROM `user`'); $departmentIds =[ ];foreach($users as $user) { if(!in_array($user['department_id'], $departmentIds)) { $departmentIds[] = $user['department_id']; } } $departments = $db->query('SELECT * FROM `department` WHERE id in ('.join(',',$department_id).')'); $map = []; // [部门ID => 部门item]foreach($departments as $department) { $map[$department['id']] = $department; }foreach($users as $user) { $user['department'] = $map[$user['department_id']] ?? null; }
该方法对两个表没有限制,在目前微服务盛行的情况下是比较好的一种做法。