MacOS配置网络教程

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时间:2020-05-12
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1、IP地址配置

手动指定IP

以下3个命令都可以完成IP地址的配置:

- ifconfig interface [address_family] [address [netmask]]

- ipconfig set interface-name (MANUAL | INFORM) ip-address subnet-mask

- networksetup -setmanual <networkservice> <ip> <subnet> <router>

手动指定IP举例:

macbook$ sudo ifconfig en0 inet 192.168.1.10 netmask 255.255.255.0
macbook$ sudo ipconfig set en0 MANUAL 192.168.1.10 255.255.255.0
macbook$ sudo networksetup -setmanual Wi-Fi 192.168.1.10 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.1

注意:ifconfig和ipconfig都是指定网口设备名称,而networksetup要求使用MacOS为网口设置的别名(所谓“network service”)来指定网口。

使用DHCP配置IP

可以使用以下2个命令来重新获取DHCP配置:

- ipconfig set interface-name (DHCP | BOOTP)

- networksetup -setdhcp <networkservice>

使用DHCP动态获取IP地址举例:

macbook$ ipconfig set en0 DHCP
macbook$ networksetup -setdhcp Wi-Fi

注意:ifconfig和ipconfig都是指定网口设备名称,而networksetup要求使用MacOS为网口设置的别名(所谓“network service”)来指定网口。

配置默认网关

可以使用以下命令配置默认网关:

- networksetup -setmanual <networkservice> <ip> <subnet> <router>

- route [add | change ] default <gateway>

- route [add | change ] -net 0.0.0.0 <gateway>

默认网关配置举例:

macbook$ sudo networksetup -setmanual Wi-Fi 192.168.1.10 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.1

以下两条命令等价:

macbook$ sudo route add default 192.168.1.1
macbook$ sudo route add -net 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1

如果已存在默认路由,你可能需要先删除现有默认路由,然后再添加默认路由:

macbook$ sudo route delete default
macbook$ sudo route add default 192.168.1.1

或者你也可以替换现有默认路由:

macbook$ sudo route change default 192.168.1.1

添加静态路由

可以使用以下命令添加路由:

macbook$ sudo route [-n] [add | delete | change] [-net | -host] [-ifscope boundif] destination gateway [netmask]

首先查看当前路由表:

macbook$ netstat -nr
Routing tables
Internet:
Destination        Gateway            Flags        Refs      Use   Netif Expire
default            192.168.1.1        UGSc           21        5     en0
127                127.0.0.1          UCS             0        0     lo0
127.0.0.1          127.0.0.1          UH              1     1699     lo0
169.254            link#4             UCS             0        0     en0
169.254            link#6             UCSI            1        0     en6
169.254.89.143/32  link#6             UCS             0        0     en6
192.168.1          link#4             UCS             1        0     en0
192.168.1.1/32     link#4             UCS             1        0     en0
192.168.1.1        f4:ec:38:1e:ea:52  UHLWIir        19      224     en0    887
192.168.1.101/32   link#4             UCS             1        0     en0
192.168.1.101      48:d7:5:cb:7d:bd   UHLWIi          1        4     lo0
192.168.1.104      7c:b2:32:70:33:5c  UHLWI           0        2     en0   1053
224.0.0/4          link#4             UmCS            2        0     en0
224.0.0/4          link#6             UmCSI           0        0     en6
224.0.0.251        1:0:5e:0:0:fb      UHmLWI          0        0     en0
239.255.255.250    1:0:5e:7f:ff:fa    UHmLWI          0        3     en0
255.255.255.255/32 link#4             UCS             0        0     en0
255.255.255.255/32 link#6             UCSI            0        0     en6
Internet6:
Destination                             Gateway                         Flags         Netif Expire
default                                 fe80::%utun1                    UGcI          utun1
::1                                     ::1                             UHL             lo0
fdf7:a4c1:cda:e04f::/64                 fe80::f4d3:8e83:6ac7:4c70%utun0 Uc            utun0
fdf7:a4c1:cda:e04f:f4d3:8e83:6ac7:4c70  link#10                         UHL             lo0
fe80::%lo0/64                           fe80::1%lo0                     UcI             lo0
fe80::1%lo0                             link#1                          UHLI            lo0
fe80::%en0/64                           link#4                          UCI             en0
fe80::ca3:96a0:7113:b973%en0            48:d7:5:cb:7d:bd                UHLI            lo0
fe80::%en6/64                           link#6                          UCI             en6
fe80::c02:7c0f:52a1:d528%en6            ff:fa:0:0:78:86                 UHLI            lo0
fe80::%awdl0/64                         link#8                          UCI           awdl0
fe80::e00e:6dff:fef9:e630%awdl0         e2:e:6d:f9:e6:30                UHLI            lo0
fe80::%utun0/64                         fe80::f4d3:8e83:6ac7:4c70%utun0 UcI           utun0
fe80::f4d3:8e83:6ac7:4c70%utun0         link#10                         UHLI            lo0
fe80::%utun1/64                         fe80::593a:c424:495:3b05%utun1  UcI           utun1
fe80::593a:c424:495:3b05%utun1          link#11                         UHLI            lo0
ff01::%lo0/32                           ::1                             UmCI            lo0
ff01::%en0/32                           link#4                          UmCI            en0
ff01::%en6/32                           link#6                          UmCI            en6
ff01::%awdl0/32                         link#8                          UmCI          awdl0
ff01::%utun0/32                         fe80::f4d3:8e83:6ac7:4c70%utun0 UmCI          utun0
ff01::%utun1/32                         fe80::593a:c424:495:3b05%utun1  UmCI          utun1
ff02::%lo0/32                           ::1                             UmCI            lo0
ff02::%en0/32                           link#4                          UmCI            en0
ff02::%en6/32                           link#6                          UmCI            en6
ff02::%awdl0/32                         link#8                          UmCI          awdl0
ff02::%utun0/32                         fe80::f4d3:8e83:6ac7:4c70%utun0 UmCI          utun0
ff02::%utun1/32                         fe80::593a:c424:495:3b05%utun1  UmCI          utun1

方法1:添加路由:

macbook$ sudo route add -net 10.1.1.1/32 192.168.1.1
Password:
add net 10.1.1.1: gateway 192.168.1.1

查看当前路由表:

macbook$ netstat -nr
Routing tables
Internet:
Destination        Gateway            Flags        Refs      Use   Netif Expire
default            192.168.1.1        UGSc           23        5     en0
10.1.1.1/32        192.168.1.1        UGSc            0        0     en0
127                127.0.0.1          UCS             0        0     lo0
127.0.0.1          127.0.0.1          UH              1     1699     lo0
169.254            link#4             UCS             0        0     en0
169.254            link#6             UCSI            1        0     en6
169.254.89.143/32  link#6             UCS             0        0     en6
192.168.1          link#4             UCS             1        0     en0
192.168.1.1/32     link#4             UCS             1        0     en0
192.168.1.1        f4:ec:38:1e:ea:52  UHLWIir        22      210     en0   1000
192.168.1.101/32   link#4             UCS             1        0     en0
192.168.1.101      48:d7:5:cb:7d:bd   UHLWI           0        4     lo0
192.168.1.104      7c:b2:32:70:33:5c  UHLWIi          1        2     en0   1166
224.0.0/4          link#4             UmCS            2        0     en0
224.0.0/4          link#6             UmCSI           0        0     en6
224.0.0.251        1:0:5e:0:0:fb      UHmLWI          0        0     en0
239.255.255.250    1:0:5e:7f:ff:fa    UHmLWI          0        3     en0
255.255.255.255/32 link#4             UCS             0        0     en0
255.255.255.255/32 link#6             UCSI            0        0     en6
Internet6:
Destination                             Gateway                         Flags         Netif Expire
default                                 fe80::%utun1                    UGcI          utun1
::1                                     ::1                             UHL             lo0
fdf7:a4c1:cda:e04f::/64                 fe80::f4d3:8e83:6ac7:4c70%utun0 Uc            utun0
fdf7:a4c1:cda:e04f:f4d3:8e83:6ac7:4c70  link#10                         UHL             lo0
fe80::%lo0/64                           fe80::1%lo0                     UcI             lo0
fe80::1%lo0                             link#1                          UHLI            lo0
fe80::%en0/64                           link#4                          UCI             en0
fe80::ca3:96a0:7113:b973%en0            48:d7:5:cb:7d:bd                UHLI            lo0
fe80::%en6/64                           link#6                          UCI             en6
fe80::c02:7c0f:52a1:d528%en6            ff:fa:0:0:78:86                 UHLI            lo0
fe80::%awdl0/64                         link#8                          UCI           awdl0
fe80::e00e:6dff:fef9:e630%awdl0         e2:e:6d:f9:e6:30                UHLI            lo0
fe80::%utun0/64                         fe80::f4d3:8e83:6ac7:4c70%utun0 UcI           utun0
fe80::f4d3:8e83:6ac7:4c70%utun0         link#10                         UHLI            lo0
fe80::%utun1/64                         fe80::593a:c424:495:3b05%utun1  UcI           utun1
fe80::593a:c424:495:3b05%utun1          link#11                         UHLI            lo0
ff01::%lo0/32                           ::1                             UmCI            lo0
ff01::%en0/32                           link#4                          UmCI            en0
ff01::%en6/32                           link#6                          UmCI            en6
ff01::%awdl0/32                         link#8                          UmCI          awdl0
ff01::%utun0/32                         fe80::f4d3:8e83:6ac7:4c70%utun0 UmCI          utun0
ff01::%utun1/32                         fe80::593a:c424:495:3b05%utun1  UmCI          utun1
ff02::%lo0/32                           ::1                             UmCI            lo0
ff02::%en0/32                           link#4                          UmCI            en0
ff02::%en6/32                           link#6                          UmCI            en6
ff02::%awdl0/32                         link#8                          UmCI          awdl0
ff02::%utun0/32                         fe80::f4d3:8e83:6ac7:4c70%utun0 UmCI          utun0
ff02::%utun1/32                         fe80::593a:c424:495:3b05%utun1  UmCI          utun1

方法二:添加路由:

macbook$ sudo route add -net 10.1.1.2 -netmask 255.255.255.255 192.168.1.1

add net 10.1.1.2: gateway 192.168.1.1

查看路由表:

macbook$ netstat -nr
Routing tables
Internet:
Destination        Gateway            Flags        Refs      Use   Netif Expire
default            192.168.1.1        UGSc           21        5     en0
10.1.1.1/32        192.168.1.1        UGSc            0        0     en0
10.1.1.2/32        192.168.1.1        UGSc            0        0     en0
127                127.0.0.1          UCS             0        0     lo0
127.0.0.1          127.0.0.1          UH              1     1699     lo0
169.254            link#4             UCS             0        0     en0
169.254            link#6             UCSI            1        0     en6
169.254.89.143/32  link#6             UCS             0        0     en6
192.168.1          link#4             UCS             2        0     en0
192.168.1.1/32     link#4             UCS             1        0     en0
192.168.1.1        f4:ec:38:1e:ea:52  UHLWIir        21      224     en0    962
192.168.1.101/32   link#4             UCS             1        0     en0
192.168.1.101      48:d7:5:cb:7d:bd   UHLWI           0        4     lo0
192.168.1.104      7c:b2:32:70:33:5c  UHLWI           0        2     en0   1128
224.0.0/4          link#4             UmCS            2        0     en0
224.0.0/4          link#6             UmCSI           0        0     en6
224.0.0.251        1:0:5e:0:0:fb      UHmLWI          0        0     en0
239.255.255.250    1:0:5e:7f:ff:fa    UHmLWI          0        3     en0
255.255.255.255/32 link#4             UCS             0        0     en0
255.255.255.255/32 link#6             UCSI            0        0     en6
Internet6:
Destination                             Gateway                         Flags         Netif Expire
default                                 fe80::%utun1                    UGcI          utun1
::1                                     ::1                             UHL             lo0
fdf7:a4c1:cda:e04f::/64                 fe80::f4d3:8e83:6ac7:4c70%utun0 Uc            utun0
fdf7:a4c1:cda:e04f:f4d3:8e83:6ac7:4c70  link#10                         UHL             lo0
fe80::%lo0/64                           fe80::1%lo0                     UcI             lo0
fe80::1%lo0                             link#1                          UHLI            lo0
fe80::%en0/64                           link#4                          UCI             en0
fe80::ca3:96a0:7113:b973%en0            48:d7:5:cb:7d:bd                UHLI            lo0
fe80::%en6/64                           link#6                          UCI             en6
fe80::c02:7c0f:52a1:d528%en6            ff:fa:0:0:78:86                 UHLI            lo0
fe80::%awdl0/64                         link#8                          UCI           awdl0
fe80::e00e:6dff:fef9:e630%awdl0         e2:e:6d:f9:e6:30                UHLI            lo0
fe80::%utun0/64                         fe80::f4d3:8e83:6ac7:4c70%utun0 UcI           utun0
fe80::f4d3:8e83:6ac7:4c70%utun0         link#10                         UHLI            lo0
fe80::%utun1/64                         fe80::593a:c424:495:3b05%utun1  UcI           utun1
fe80::593a:c424:495:3b05%utun1          link#11                         UHLI            lo0
ff01::%lo0/32                           ::1                             UmCI            lo0
ff01::%en0/32                           link#4                          UmCI            en0
ff01::%en6/32                           link#6                          UmCI            en6
ff01::%awdl0/32                         link#8                          UmCI          awdl0
ff01::%utun0/32                         fe80::f4d3:8e83:6ac7:4c70%utun0 UmCI          utun0
ff01::%utun1/32                         fe80::593a:c424:495:3b05%utun1  UmCI          utun1
ff02::%lo0/32                           ::1                             UmCI            lo0
ff02::%en0/32                           link#4                          UmCI            en0
ff02::%en6/32                           link#6                          UmCI            en6
ff02::%awdl0/32                         link#8                          UmCI          awdl0
ff02::%utun0/32                         fe80::f4d3:8e83:6ac7:4c70%utun0 UmCI          utun0
ff02::%utun1/32                         fe80::593a:c424:495:3b05%utun1  UmCI          utun1

2、设置DNS

指定DNS服务器

配置命令:

macbook$ networksetup -setdnsservers <networkservice> <dns1> [dns2] [...]

示例:

macbook$ sudo networksetup -setdnsservers Wi-Fi 114.114.114.114 114.114.114.115

不指定DNS地址参数时,清空配置DNS服务器:

macbook$ sudo networksetup -setdnsservers Wi-Fi

查看当前配置的DNS服务器

方法一:查看手动指定的DNS服务器地址

命令:

macbook$ networksetup -getdnsservers <networkservice>

注意:此命令只能查看手动指定的DNS服务器地址,无法查看到由DHCP获得的DNS地址!

示例:

macbook$ sudo networksetup -getdnsservers Wi-Fi

方法二: 查看由DHCP配置的DNS地址

命令:

macbook$ ipconfig getpacket interface-name

此命令用以查看从DHCP获得的相关网络配置信息,同时也包含DNS配置信息!

示例:

macbook$ sudo ipconfig getpacket en0
Password:
op = BOOTREPLY
htype = 1
flags = 0
hlen = 6
hops = 0
xid = 0x1da0b2e6
secs = 0
ciaddr = 0.0.0.0
yiaddr = 192.168.1.101
siaddr = 0.0.0.0
giaddr = 0.0.0.0
chaddr = 48:d7:5:cb:7d:bd
sname = 
file = 
options:
Options count is 7
dhcp_message_type (uint8): ACK 0x5
server_identifier (ip): 192.168.1.1
lease_time (uint32): 0xffffffff
subnet_mask (ip): 255.255.255.0
router (ip_mult): {192.168.1.1}
domAIn_name_server (ip_mult): {114.114.114.114, 114.114.115.115}
end (none):

3、清除DNS缓存

OS X 10.9 (Mavericks):

macbook$ dscacheutil -flushcache; sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder

OS X 10.10 (Yosemite):

macbook$ sudo discoveryutil udnsflushcaches

Versions 10.10.4+:

macbook$ sudo dscacheutil -flushcache;sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder

OS X 10.11 (El Capitan) and OS X 10.12 (Sierra):

macbook$ sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder

OS X 10.12.4:

macbook$ sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder; sudo killall mDNSResponderHelper; sudo dscacheutil -flushcache;
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